Foam fire extinguishing agent can effectively control or extinguish fire by blocking oxygen, reducing fuel temperature and preventing the release of fuel vapor and air contact, etc. The key group is divided into surfactants to reduce the interfacial tension between water and oil. At present, the main surfactant used in foam fire extinguishing agent is perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), that is, fluorinated foam fire extinguishing agent. However, PFOS is strictly regulated due to its environmental and health hazards, so there is an urgent need to develop alternatives.

At present, the development and research of PFOS surfactant alternatives are mainly divided into three types from the structure: first, C4 short-chain perfluoroalkyl sulfonate surfactant, although it reduces the bioaccumulation while extinguishing liquid fires, it cannot be directly proved whether it is long-term friendly to the environment; The second is the surfactants containing CF3CF2CF2C(CF3)2 group branch chain and the surface activity of fluorocarbon introducing ether bond; The third is organosilicon surfactant, and its compound system with hydrocarbon surfactant, amino acid surfactant, etc.