Microporous Insulation is a super high-temperature insulation material. Its internal structure features numerous micro-nanoparticles and nanoscale pores. Due to the significantly extended thermal conduction path passing through the micro-nanoparticles, and the average internal pores being much smaller than the average free path of air molecules under standard atmospheric pressure, microporous insulation materials can very efficiently prevent the thermal convection and solid-phase heat conduction of gas molecules within the material. Additionally, microporous insulation materials are also added with important high-temperature heat radiation reflectants. This enables them to greatly inhibit heat transfer in the form of heat radiation. Therefore, within the extremely wide temperature range of -273°C to over 1,000°C, microporous insulation materials have extremely low thermal conductivity and can achieve extremely efficient heat insulation and preservation effects. 
Microporous insulation materials are also known as "nano-nanofiber insulation materials", and in China they are commonly referred to as "nanometer microporous insulation materials". Their history can be traced back to the 1940s, when scientists from the US military successfully developed this material while seeking efficient high-temperature insulation materials. The initial purpose of the development was to provide an ultra-thin fire-resistant insulation layer for aircraft to enhance their safety and efficiency during high-altitude flights. Due to its outstanding high-temperature insulation performance and lightweight characteristics, microporous insulation materials have since been widely used in the aviation and aerospace fields. 
With the advancement of technology, in the 1970s and 1980s, microporous insulation materials gradually began to be widely applied in the industrial insulation field, especially in the oil and gas industry (mostly used for insulation of pipelines and equipment). In the 1990s, with the continuous improvement of technology, the production technology of microporous insulation materials was continuously optimized, and its application fields gradually expanded, including but not limited to aerospace, military industry, as well as a wider range of industrial and civilian fields. 
The typical thermal conductivity values of the micro-nano thermal insulation material (with a design density of 260 Kg/m³): approximately 0.023 at 200°C, approximately 0.025 at 400°C, approximately 0.027 at 600°C, and approximately 0.032 at 800°C (in units of W/m·K). The compressive strength of its rigid sheet is approximately 0.56 MPa at 10% deformation. 
The micro-nano insulating materials can also be made into products with hydrophobic properties. Their waterproof performance can be maintained up to a working temperature of 250°C, making them suitable for outdoor installation in areas with rain or for environments where they can be submerged in water below 250°C. 
Micronano insulating materials are mainly applicable in scenarios that require the maximum thermal resistance, a thinner insulation thickness, and a lighter insulation material combination. They have now been widely used in various high-temperature industrial kilns, industrial furnaces, pipelines, equipment, storage tanks, containers, heat exchangers, boilers, valves, exhaust pipes, and passive fireproof insulation systems. 
At temperatures as high as over 1000°C, the micro-nano thermal insulation material can still maintain its extremely outstanding thermal insulation performance. Its main characteristics and advantages are as follows: 
• It has an extremely low thermal conductivity over a wide temperature range, and can effectively prevent the transfer of heat at a very high efficiency. 
The heat insulation performance is 5 to 8 times that of traditional insulation materials, and 2 to 4 times that of silica aerogel composite materials. 
• Lightweight porous material with low heat storage capacity, and the density of the products is mostly between 170 and 300 Kg/m³; 
• Pure inorganic chemical components, with A1-level combustion characteristics, suitable for use in passive fire protection fields; 
• Excellent thermal stability. The highest temperature-resistant model can operate at a long-term temperature of approximately 1150℃. 
• Excellent seismic resistance performance, not prone to powdering at high temperatures, suitable for vibration environments; 
• The material is easy to process and can be further cut and shaped as needed, meeting various application requirements. 
• Multiple high-temperature encapsulation materials are available, meeting the requirements for convenient installation and use in clean environments; 
• It does not contain harmful fibers and does not release toxic chemical components during use, being environmentally friendly. 
Apart from the specially customized waterproof models, other types of micro-nano insulation products will suffer irreversible performance damage if exposed to liquid water. Therefore, when used in environments that may come into contact with water, non-hydrophobic micro-nano insulation materials should be coated with a waterproof layer or have a waterproof casing. Additionally, measures should be taken during transportation, storage, and installation to prevent the micro-nano insulation materials from directly coming into contact with liquid water. However, micro-nano insulation materials have the ability to resist moisture, and the products will not deteriorate or lose their performance due to moisture.